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Tuesday, 26 February 2013

Iwasawa's lemma

Lemma (Iwasawa) If (G,Ω) is a primitive permutation group with G perfect and for some αΩ, Gα has a normal abelian subgroup A whose conjugates generate G, then G is simple.
proof: Suppose 1NG, we will gradually show that N must be the whole group. By primitivity N is transitive on Ω and Gα is a maximal subgroup, so NGα and NGα=G. Any g may be written nx for some nN, xGα so Ag=Anx=AxAN and these conjugates cover the whole group so AN=G. Now G/NA/(AN) is abelian, but G is perfect so N=G.

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