Definition Set G(0):=G and for each i define G(i)=(G(i))′=[Gi−1,Gi−1]. This gives us the derived (descending) series G=G(0)⊵G(1)⊵G(2)⊵G(3)⊵⋯.
Prop G(i)charG. proof: unproved
Theorem G is solvable iff the derived series terminates with G(n)=1, furthermore it is optimal in the following sense if (⋆),1=G0⊴G1⊴G2⊴⋯⊴Gr=G
then we have G(i)≤Gr−i.
proof: By the commutator characterization of abelian series, each factor of this derived series is abelian. So if G(n)=1 for some n then we have an abelian series and G is solvable. For the converse, suppose G is solvable, let (⋆) be an abelian series for it. We will show by induction that G(i)≤Gr−i. Suppose it is true for i, then G(i+1)≤[G(i),G(i)]≤[Gr−i,Gr−i]=(Gr−i)′≤Gr−i−1 again by the commutator characterization.
Corollary Every solvable group has an abelian normal series.
Definition If G is solvable the minimal length of series is called it's derived length. show this is the same as the length of the derived series?
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